Factors associated with treatment outcomes in hospitalized patients withprimary hypertension: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Vietnam

Doi: https://doi.org/10.55522/ijti.v4i1.0141

Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health problem and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet blood pressure control remains suboptimal in many clinical settings, particularly among hospitalized patients with complex clinical profiles. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to identify patient-related and treatment-related factors associated with treatment outcomes in hospitalized patients with primary hypertension. The study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Can Tho Central General Hospital, Vietnam, from January to June 2024, and included 378 inpatient medical records of patients diagnosed with primary hypertension. Treatment outcome was defined as achievement of target blood pressure at discharge according to the 2022 Vietnam National Heart Association guidelines. Demographic characteristics, clinical variables, comorbidities, renal function, body mass index, antihypertensive treatment regimens, and clinically significant drug-drug interactions were analyzed. At discharge, 97.1% of patients achieved target blood pressure, with mean systolic blood pressure decreasing from 171.4 ± 15.9 mmHg to 124.1 ± 16.4 mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressure decreasing from 91.5 ± 11.6 mmHg to 81.9 ± 12.9 mmHg. Failure to achieve target blood pressure was significantly associated with older age, higher hypertension stage, elevated serum creatinine, overweight or obesity, inappropriate antihypertensive prescribing, suboptimal treatment regimens, and clinically significant drug-drug interactions. These findings demonstrate the multifactorial nature of blood pressure control in hospitalized patients and provide evidence to support targeted strategies for improving treatment outcomes in inpatient hypertension management.